Joint replacement surgery is a procedure designed to relieve pain and improve mobility for individuals with severely damaged or diseased joints, often due to arthritis, fractures, or degenerative conditions. The most common types are hip, knee, and shoulder replacements, though replacements can also be done in the elbow, wrist, and ankle joints when needed. During the surgery, damaged cartilage and bone are removed, and artificial components made of metal, ceramic, or plastic are placed to replicate the function of a healthy joint. This is usually considered a last resort when other treatments, like physical therapy, medication, or joint injections, fail to provide relief. After surgery, patients typically undergo physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility, and most experience a significant reduction in pain and improved mobility. Recovery time varies by individual but can take several months to a year for full recovery. Thanks to advancements in medical technology, modern joint replacements can last 15-20 years, offering patients lasting benefits and an improved quality of life.